Polish Historical Grammar 3003-11A3GH
The lecture is devoted to acquainting the students with the evolution of Polish phonetics and inflection by means of discussing the following issues:
1. Polish phonetic system (development basis, main changes in Proto-Slavic).
2-3. The most important vocalic changes in the Polish language (Polish apophony, evolution of the yers and nasal vowels, change of accent).
4-5. The Proto-Slavic consonants system and its continuation in Polish (including palatalization and depalatalization of consonants, the emergence of new consonants in Polish).
6. Main development trends of Polish phonetic. Consequences of Polish phonetic changes, their impact on the phonetic system of the Polish language.
7. Introduction to Polish historical inflection. The basis for the development of Polish inflection. The Proto-Slavic division into noun declensions. Share of thematic suffixes and endings in phonetic changes.
8. Masculine declension in Polish. Rules for repartition of singular and plural endings. Emergence of soft-thematic and hard-thematic inflection. Semanticization of noun inflection, the morphologisation and demorphologisation of gender.
9. Neuter and feminine declension. The reasons for the relatively small changes in neuter declension. The origin of vowel and consonant declensions of feminine nouns.
10. Main tendencies in the development of Polish nominal inflection. Disappearance of the double number, relics of the dual forms. Recatipulation.
11. Inflection of pronouns and adjectives in the history of the Polish language. Simple and complex adjectival inflection – the relics of nominal inflection.
12. Verbal inflection – an introduction. Basic verbal categories. Development basis of Polish conjugation. Division into conjugations and changes in the conjugation of verbs in the present tense in Polish.
13. Past tenses in the history of the Polish language; simple tenses (imperfectum, aorist) and complex (past and past perfect). Evolution of the past tense.
14. Evolution of participles – pre-Polish period heritage and changes in the history of Polish.
15. Written test of knowledge acquired during the lecture.
Topics of practice class in the first semester
The first semester of the classes is devoted to diachronic Polish phonetics, the recognition of language processes in specific words and their reconstruction.
1. Polish vocalic system (development basis Proto-Slavonic, main phonetic changes).
2. Polish apophony (the core of the process, chronology, consequences, exceptions).
3. Polish apophony vs. Proto-Slavonic and Proto-Indo-European ablaut.
4. Evolution of the yers: position of yers, vocalizing of the strong yers and disappearance of the weak ones, compensatory lengthening, chronology and consequences of the said processes.
5. Polish apophony, vocalizing and disappearance of yers. The choice of words after these changes from the Old Polish texts and their reconstruction to the Proto-Slavonic.
6. Evolution of nasal vowels.
7. Development of Polish accent and vocalic quantity (accent change in Polish, origin of Polish long vowels).
8. Disappearance of quantity and emergence of acute vowels, evolution of new vowels in Polish.
9. Consonant system of the Polish language – its Proto-Slavonic developmental basis. Proto-Slavic palatalizations (repetition).
11. Polish palatalizations.
12. Proto-Slavic and Polish palatalizations - observation of these processes on words from Old Polish texts.
13. Consonant depalatalization in Polish.
14. New Polish consonant phonemes, i.a. the origin of /f/, the evolution of /r'/, /l’/, /l/. Development of consonant groups.
15. Main development trends of Polish phonetics.
Topics of practice class in the second semester
The second semester of the classes is devoted to diachronic Polish inflection, familiarizing students with selected Old Polish texts and finding language features discussed in the classes.
1. Introduction to Polish historical inflection. The basis for the development of Polish inflection. The Proto-Slavic division into noun declensions (repetition).
2. Declension of masculine nouns in the singular and plural.
3. Declension of neuter nouns in the history of Polish.
4. Declension of feminine nouns; its changes in Polish.
5. Declension of personal and generic pronouns.
6. Simple and complex adjectival inflection.
7. Development of numeral inflection in the history of the Polish language.
8-9. Proto-Slavic and Polish division into conjugations – coniugation of verbs in the present tense.
10-11. Past tenses in the history of the Polish language; simple tenses (imperfectum, aorist) and complex (past and past perfect). Evolution of the past tense. Analysis of words from Old Polish texts.
12. Development of the imperative mood in Polish.
13-14. Evolution of participles – Proto-Slavic period heritage and changes in Polish.
15. Archaisms and neologisms in inflection. Recapitulation.
Term 2023:
None |
Term 2024:
None |
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Type of course
Requirements
Mode
Learning outcomes
A student:
KNOWLEDGE:
1. defines the most important phenomena concerning the changes of Polish language system.
2. names the phonetic changes that has occurred in Polish.
3. recognizes the most important phenomena as exemplified by chosen expressions.
ABILITIES
1. reconstructs word forms exemplifying the studied changes.
2. relates language facts one to another.
3. gives a relative and absolute chronology of the studied language facts.
4. explains the reasons of phonetic and inflectional phenomena in the historical perspective.
5. relates the historical phonetic phenomena with the current Polish spelling.
ATTITUDES
1. appreciates the beauty of the mother tongue.
Assessment criteria
Conditions for passing the course
Passing lectures and practice classes on a grade. Final mark- from written or oral examination in the session.
The students who obtained the credit for the lecture and the assessment of at least 4.5 of the practice classes can take part in the oral examination before the session.
Final evaluation of lecture on the basis of:
1. Presence at the lecture (2 unexcused absences are allowed, more absences require justification.)
2. Written test at the end of the semester.
Final evaluation of practice classes on the basis of:
1. Presence and activity on exercises.
2. Partial tests (during the semester) and skills acquired during practice classes.
2 unexcused absences are allowed, more absences require justification.
Verification methods of learning outcomes:
1. short written tests;
2. working with text;
3. assessment of the student's current preparation for classes;
4. written or oral exam.
Practical placement
No.
Bibliography
Obligatory:
Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa, Stanisław Dubisz, Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego, Warszawa 1998 lub wyd. nast.
Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa, Stanisław Dubisz, Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego w testach, ćwiczeniach i tematach egzaminacyjnych, Gdańsk 1999.
Encyklopedia języka polskiego, red. S. Urbańczyk, Warszawa 1991.
Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego. Materiały do ćwiczeń, wybór H. Karaś, Warszawa 1994.
Język polski. Kompendium, pod red. M. Derwojedowej, H. Karaś, D. Kopcińskiej, Warszawa 2005.
Zenon Klemensiewicz, Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego, Warszawa 1955.
Nauka o języku polskim dla polonistów, red. S. Dubisz, Warszawa 1991 lub wyd. nast.
Stanisław Rospond, Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego, Warszawa 1973 lub wyd. nast.
Ewa Siatkowska, Rodzina języków zachodniosłowiańskich, Warszawa 1992.
Janusz Strutyński, Elementy gramatyki historycznej języka polskiego, Kraków 1991 lub wyd. nast.
Teksty staropolskie. Analizy i interpretacje, red. W. Decyk-Zięba i S. Dubisz, Warszawa 2003.
Wiesław Wydra, Wojciech Ryszard Rzepka, Chrestomatia staropolska. Teksty do 1543 roku, Wrocław 1984 lub wyd. nast.
Additional:
Stanisław Dubisz, Rozwój polskiego systemu fonologicznego, [w:] Studia z historii języka polskiego, red. W. Kupiszewski, Warszawa 1994, s. 9-19.
Alina Kępińska, Kształtowanie się polskiej kategorii męsko- i niemęskoosobowości. Język wobec płci, Warszawa 2006.
Halina Koneczna, Charakterystyka fonetyczna języka polskiego na tle języków słowiańskich, Warszawa 1965.
Zdzisława Krążyńska, Tomasz Mika, Agnieszka Słoboda, Składnia średniowiecznej polszczyzny, cz. 1. Konteksty - metody - tendencje, Poznań 2015.
Władysława Książek-Bryłowa, Warianty fleksyjne w historii języka polskiego [w:] T. Skubalanka, W. Książek-Bryłowa, Wariantywność polskiej fleksji, Wrocław 1992.
Tomasz Mika, Agnieszka Słoboda, Wyrażenia funkcyjne w średniowiecznej polszczyźnie z perspektywy składniowej. Wybrane problemy badawcze, Poznań 2015.
Leszek Moszyński, Wstęp do filologii słowiańskiej, Warszawa 1984.
Ewa Ostrowska, Z dziejów języka polskiego i jego piękna, Kraków 1978.
Krystyna Pisarkowa, Historia składni języka polskiego, Wrocław 1984.
Mirosława Siuciak, Kształtowanie się kategorii gramatycznej liczebnika w języku polski, Katowice 2008.
Izabela Stąpor, Kształtowanie się normy dotyczącej fleksji liczebników polskich od XVI do XIX wieku, Warszawa 2008.
Wiesław Tomasz Sefańczyk, Kategoria rodzaju i przypadka polskiego rzeczownika. Próba synchronicznej analizy morfologicznej, Kraków 2007.
Zdzisław Stieber, Historyczna i współczesna fonologia języka polskiego, Warszawa 1966.
Stanisław Urbańczyk, Szkice z dziejów języka polskiego, Warszawa 1968.
Stanisław Urbańczyk, Prace z dziejów języka polskiego, Wrocław 1979.
Notes
Term 2023:
None |
Term 2024:
None |
Additional information
Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system: