Language Awareness through Translation 3301-L2PALAT

I. Some fundamental assumptions:
- the qualifications of the translator
- basic terminology in translation
- using dictionaries, reference books and other published material; using the internet.
- style manuals and writer's dictionaries
II. The principles of translation:
- Meaning: reflecting accurately the meaning of the original
- Form: the ordering of words and ideas
- Register: degrees of formality
- Context and register
- Influence of the source language
- Style and the need for clarity
- Idiomatic expressions
- Cultural differences
III. Stylistic features of the source and target language:
- Registers: the language of periodicals, the press and other mass media, of science, advertising, etc.
- Stylistic features of the individual author/text and the style of the translator
IV. Equivalence at word level:
- lexical meaning
- non-equivalence and the problem of "untranslatibility"
V. Equivalence above word level:
- collocations
- idioms and fixed expressions
VI. Grammatical equivalence:
- grammatical vs. lexical categories
- grammatical categories in Polish and English
VII. Textual equivalence:
- cohesion (reference; substitution and ellipsis; conjuction; lexical cohesion)
- pragmatic equivalence.