Meteorology and climatology 1900-1-MK
LECTURE
The aim of the course is to provide knowledge about the physical conditions of climate formation and its diversity on Earth, regularities in the course of physical processes taking place in the atmosphere: heat, water and atmosphere circulation, taking into account their causes, course, effects, manifestations and interrelationships.
The following issues will be discussed during the lectures:
1. Introductory information. The subject of meteorology and climatology research, the place of meteorology and climatology in the system of Earth sciences and the environment. Basic concepts. Development of meteorology and climatology.
2. Climate as an effect of the climate system. Weather and climate monitoring. Modern methods and observation and measurement systems used in meteorology and climatology. Spatial scales of climate research.
3. Atmosphere: composition, vertical structure, evolution, role in the climate system. Atmospheric pollution.
4. Radiation from the Sun, atmosphere and Earth (properties, laws). Solar constant. The role of the atmosphere in the modification of solar radiation, the greenhouse effect.
5. Radiation and thermal balance of the Earth's surface. Geographical differentiation of the radiation balance on the globe - conditions and effects. Non-radiative heat transfer.
6. Thermal conditions. Thermal processes in the ground of the atmosphere and in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Adiabatic processes, states of thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere. Periodic and non-periodic changes in air temperature. Air temperature distribution on the globe. Thermal anomalies. Indicators of thermal continentalism.
7. Water in the atmosphere. Evaporation and its conditions. Air humidity - characteristics, distribution over the globe.
8. Condensation of water vapor. Pseudoadiabatic process. Clouds - genetic types, classification. Fogs, deposits.
9. Precipitation - formation, types, distribution on the globe.
10. Circulation of the atmosphere. Pressure distribution on the globe, barric systems. Forces acting on a particle (elementary volume) of air. Equation of motion, geostrophic approximation. Balanced flows, wind.
11. General circulation of the atmosphere. Teleconnection systems. Regional and local circulation.
12. Synoptic meteorology. Air masses, atmospheric fronts, weather characteristics in bar and front systems. The formation of lows.
13. Main climatic zones and types of climates. Selected divisions of the world climate. Characteristic features of the Polish climate.
14. Resources and climatic conditions. The influence of climate on the life of organisms and their adaptation. Plant and climate zones. Man and economy and climatic conditions.
15. Climate change - causes and effects.
EXERCISES
Classes are devoted to familiarizing students with the organization of the terrestrial meteorological network, principles of observation and instrumental measurements, remote weather monitoring systems and databases. Classes consist in the preliminary preparation of the results of observations and measurements with the use of the most commonly used climatological characteristics and graphic presentation methods. During the classes, students practice in a practical way the recognition of clouds and meteorological phenomena, develop the spatial distribution of a selected element of the climate and learn about the methods of conducting field research.
DIMENSION OF THE CLASSES
Number of hours that the student must spend to achieve the learning outcomes defined for the subject:
lecture: organized hours 30 hours, student's independent work (preparation for the exam) at least 30 hours
classes: organized hours 30 hours, student's independent work (carrying out exercises, preparation for a test) 15 hours.
Total - about 100 hours
LEARNING METHODS
1. Feeding methods: informative lecture, presentation
2. Practical methods: subject exercises, discussion, presentation
Main fields of studies for MISMaP
Type of course
Mode
Classroom and field classes
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Assessment criteria
Lecture
Written test with a grade - includes 51 points (max 100 points).
1st examination date in the session, 2nd examination date in the re-sit session (only unsatisfactory grade or excused absence in 1st date)
Exercises:
Graded credit
Assessment method: continuous assessment (tests, exercises). Passing exercises - 51 points (max 100 points)
Requirements related to participation in the exercises:
1.compulsory attendance (the permissible number of absences subject to justification - 2),
2. required homework (doing the exercise that was discussed or writing the overdue test) up to two weeks from the date of classes. In justified cases, e.g. long-term illness, making up for the classes on the terms agreed with the tutor,
3. all exercises and tests should be completed
Obtaining credit for the exercises is a necessary condition for admission to the exam.
Final grade in the subject:
Condition: passing the exercises and passing the exam
Final grade - 75% exam and 25% exercise.
Bibliography
Ahrens C.D., Henson R., 2021, Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Cengage Learning.
Barry R. G., 2009, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Taylor& Francis.
Crowe P.R., 1987, Problemy klimatologii ogólnej. PWN, Warszawa.
Henderson-Sellers A., Robinson P.J., 1986, Contemporary Climatology. Longman.
Iribarna J.V., Cho H.R., 1988, Fizyka atmosfery. PWN, Warszawa.
Kossowska-Cezak U., Martyn D., Olszewski K., 2000, Meteorologia i Klimatologia – pomiary – obserwacje – opracowania, PWN, Warszawa.
Kożuchowski K., 1998, Atmosfera, klimat, ekoklimat. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Kożuchowski K., 2011, Klimat Polski. Nowe spojrzenie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Kożuchowski K. (red.), 2005, Meteorologia i klimatologia, PWN, Warszawa.
Lockwood J.C., 1984, Procesy klimatotwórcze. PWN, Warszawa.
Martyn D., 1995, Klimaty kuli ziemskiej. PWN, Warszawa.
Okołowicz W., 1969, Klimatologia ogólna. PWN, Warszawa.
Słownik Meteorologiczny, 2003, IMGW, Warszawa.
https://www.ipcc.ch/reports/
Additional information
Information on level of this course, year of study and semester when the course unit is delivered, types and amount of class hours - can be found in course structure diagrams of apropriate study programmes. This course is related to the following study programmes:
Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system: