Biochemistry M 1400-113BCH-M

Chemical reactions of the cell. Progress of the metabolic reaction. Metabolic pathways. Catabolism and anabolism. ATP, NAD(P) and CoA. Proteins and enzymes. Lipids and membranes. Membrane transport. Strategic aims of the metabolism. Biochemical energetics: oxidation of organic compounds. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidation of fatty acids. Biochemical energetics: respiratory chain and photosynthesis. ATP synthase. Synthesis of molecules necessary for the cell. Pentose phosphate pathway. Gluconeogenesis. Synthesis of fatty acids. Regulation of metabolism. Allosteric enzymes, feedback inhibition, covalent modification of enzymes, expression of enzymes. Metabolism of nitrogen compounds. DNA structure. Chromatin. DNA replication. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. RNA processing. Genetic code. Translation and protein folding. Biochemistry, molecular biology and environmental protection. Metabolism of xenobiotics. DNA repair. Genetically modified organisms.

Laboratory
Biochemistry studies the properties and transformation of compounds (mainly organic) present in living cells, bringing us closer to understanding the phenomenon that is life. The scope of the material switched as part of these exercises is an attempt to compromise between the enormous achievements of science, a very short space of time reserved for the sole, for most involved as students, contact with the object of that type during the course of study.
Exercise classes begin with preliminary calculations devoted to biochemical and spectrophotometry. On the next classes will be presented the properties of all major groups of natural organic compounds: proteins with amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, nucleic acids with nucleotides and lipids, which in total will be devoted to four exercises. Recent activities are intended for understanding enzymes - biocatalysts determining transformation of all of these compounds in the living cell. During the course, students will use automatic pipettes and familiar also with the more important techniques used in biochemical studies, some of which are also used in medical diagnostics, forensic, food or pharmaceutical: a gel chromatography, thin layer chromatography adsorption, dialysis, denaturing protein electrophoresis , a nonspecific protein staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis of nucleic acids, nucleic acids nonspecific staining, spectrophotometry, biochemical substances indication, receiving a substance from the biological material and study of enzyme activity.
Classes scheduled to perform in 2 - 4 person teams. For each exercise, the practical part is preceded by a theoretical introduction. His task, however, is only an introduction to the matter in any case it will not replace the relevant chapters of the books listed in the inventory literature. At the end of the description of each exercise provides a place to enter the main results from the conducted experiments. During the exercise, students will have contact with hazardous substances. For this reason, it is required observing and following the rules stated in his full respect and implementation of laboratory exercises in an apron.