Fundamentals of chemistry 1000-711PCH
The lecture covers the following topics.
1. The structure of matter
Models of the structure of atoms. Elementary particles, wave-particle duality, electron structure of atoms, quantum numbers, properties and spatial shapes of atomic orbitals. Structure of the atomic nucleus, atomic and mass number, mass defect. Stability of atomic nuclei, nuclear reactions. The law of periodicity and the periodic table. Chemical compounds. Molecular orbitals. Types of chemical bonds, bond energy, shapes of molecules, dipole moments, hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular interactions.
2. Elements of general and physical chemistry
States of matter. Gas laws. Ideal gas equation of state. Real gases. Types of solutions. Methods of expressing concentrations. Electrolyte solutions, electrolytic dissociation. Acid-base equilibria, precipitation and redox reactions. Structure and types of crystals.
Elements of thermodynamics. Energy and entropic causes of chemical reactions. The thermal effect of reactions. Entropy. Free enthalpy, spontaneity of processes. Basics of kinetics of chemical reactions, factors influencing reaction rate. Activation energy and the concept of catalysis. Elements of electrochemistry. Nernst equation. Simple examples of galvanic cells, electrolysis, electrochemical energy sources.
3. Elements of inorganic chemistry.
Properties of main group elements and their selected compounds. Elements of transition groups, electron configurations, oxidation states, formation of complex ions, magnetic properties.
4. Fundamentals of organic chemistry
Valence structure of carbon atom, hybridization. Place of carbon in the periodic table, Pauling electronegativity scale. Types of chemical bonds, homo- and heterolytic decomposition. Theories of acids and bases.
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds: nomenclature, structure, isomerism, physical and chemical properties, preparation, characteristic reactions.
Basic characteristics (structure, outline of physical and chemical properties, preparation and selected characteristic reactions) of monofunctional compounds: halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, nitro compounds, amines, aldehydes. ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, amides, nitriles.
Review of selected classes of organic compounds: amino acids, peptides and proteins, sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, steroids and carotenoids.
Selected detailed issues of the structure of organic compounds: isomerism, tautomerism, mesomerism, inductive and steric effects, optical isomerism, configuration and conformation.
Methods of separation and purification of organic compounds: crystallization, sublimation, distillation, extraction, chromatography, dialysis, filtration, centrifugation.
Outline of spectroscopic methods of identification of organic compounds: infrared spectra, UV-Vis spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton and carbon), mass spectrometry.
Type of course
Mode
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Learning outcomes
After completing the course, the student:
- knows the basic constituents of matter, the structure of the atom, in particular the electron configuration and the properties of chemical elements resulting from the periodic law and the essence of nuclear transformations, knows basic chemical concepts and laws, chemical nomenclature and notation, is able to record and predict the course of simple chemical reactions, is able to define shapes and predict some properties of simple molecules.
- knows the basic properties of the states of matter, knows and can apply the gas laws, knows the types of reactions taking place in aqueous solutions, knows the basics of electrochemistry.
- knows and understands the basics of physical chemistry in the field of thermodynamics and thermochemistry as well as chemical kinetics, is able to predict the direction of chemical reactions and knows the factors affecting the kinetics of chemical reactions.
- is able to describe in general terms the physical and chemical properties of the elements of the main and minor groups of the periodic table, knows the basic properties and structure of complex compounds.
- knows the structure, properties and characteristic reactions of hydrocarbons, knows the most important monofunctional compounds - their physical and chemical properties, knows how to record and predict the course of simple reactions, understands the inductive, steric and electron effect, knows how to assess the physical and acid-base properties on the basis of the structure of an organic compound, knows the basic types of organic reactions (addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement), has a general knowledge of the structure of selected natural compounds (amino acids, peptides and proteins, sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids), knows the basic spectroscopic methods of studying the structure of organic compounds (spectra UV-Vis, MS, IR and NMR), knows the basic methods of separation of organic compounds from mixtures (distillation, crystallization, sublimation, extraction, filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, dialysis).
Assessment criteria
There are two written tests during the semester. A positive result above 50% exempts the student from taking the exam. Students who have not passed the tests and who wish to improve their grade take a written examination during the examination session.
Bibliography
1. L. Jones, P. Atkins, „Chemia ogólna, Cząsteczki, materia, reakcje”, PWN.
2. A. Bielański, „Podstawy chemii nieorganicznej”, PWN.
3. L. Pajdowski, „Chemia ogólna”, PWN.
4. P.A. Cox, „Chemia nieorganiczna. Krótkie wykłady”, PWN.
5. R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd, “Chemia Organiczna”, PWN.
7. E. Białecka-Florjańczyk, J. Włostowska: "Chemia organiczna", WNT.
9. John McMurry: "Chemia organiczna", PWN.
10. W. Zieliński i A. Rajca (red.), „Metody spektroskopowe i ich zastosowanie do identyfikacji związków organicznych”, WNT.
11. W. Szczepaniak, „Metody instrumentalne w analizie chemicznej”, PWN.
Additional information
Information on level of this course, year of study and semester when the course unit is delivered, types and amount of class hours - can be found in course structure diagrams of apropriate study programmes. This course is related to the following study programmes:
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