International security 2104-M-D1BEZM
Security in international relations theories and development of security studies: factors of development of security research, stages of security studies; evolution of the concept of security (negative-positive approach, divisibility-indivisibility, objective / subjective approach); factors evolving the concept and moving away from the traditional understanding of security; the essence of threats to international security; causes of insecurity and theories regarding security guarantees (in terms of (neo) political realism and (neo) liberalism); concepts: hard and soft power; security dilemma; concepts of balance of power and balance of fear; theories of the hegemonic cycle.
The international security paradigm after the Cold War: international order and the balance of forces after the Cold War; impact of the end of the Cold War on international order and security; the impact of globalization, scientific and technological revolution, information revolution and revolution in the military field on the evolution of the scope of security (objective, subjective, spatial, temporal, scope of means and methods of security policy); trends and tendencies in the security environment; polarization of the security environment (unipolar, multipolar, unipolar, non-polarity); evolution of security threats - the issue of asymmetric and non-military threats (the problem of international terrorism, transnational organized crime, use of WMD, information technologies by non-state entities).
Copenhagen school: securitization, security sectors, regional security complexes
Legal and institutional framework for ensuring international security: The concept of balance of power (the role of powers in the sphere of international security); concept and typology of international security institutions; collective security system; alliances - theory of alliances and modern practice; cooperative security; disarmament, reduction and control of arms; functioning of modern international security institutions - the UN system, NATO, E / CSDP and non-European security systems (OPA, UA, LPA, ASEAN +, SZOW, CIS / CSTO), non-proliferation regimes, CSBM (confidence and security building measures).
The use of force to preserve / restore security: rules for the use of force in international relations - prohibitions on the use of force (development of ius contra bellum - from the 2nd Hague Convention to the KNZ), application of the KNZ principles (Article 2, Chapter VI and Chapter VII) ; exceptions to the principle of prohibition of threat or use of force provided for in the KNZ; proposals for changing the rules on the use of force set out in the Charter in the context of UN reform; definition of aggression (resol. ZO 14.XII.1974); sanctions - practice; activities of international security institutions in the field of preventive diplomacy, peace-making, peace-keeping, peace-building and peace enforcement; reform of UN peacekeeping operations.
Military security: power and strength in international relations - research approaches (material approach, dematerialisation of power - soft and hard power, mixed approaches), the impact of globalization on understanding power (the phenomenon of power diffusion); global, regional and individual military expenditure of states (SIPRI Yearbook 2019 data applies); The USA against the rest of the world; military expenditure during the economic crisis; security dilemma; arms production and trade (the largest exporters and directions of arms transfer - the SIPRI Yearbook 2019 data applies); nuclear potential (SIPRI Yearbook data 2019); status of nuclear forces; NPT regime - functioning; proliferation cascade; counter-proliferation.
Armed conflicts: polemology; war and armed conflict in international law; geography of armed conflicts before and after the Cold War; sources and effects of conflicts; new phenomena and trends in armed conflicts after the Cold War - differences between classic state wars and "new wars" - a new conceptual grid: low intensity war, wild war; asymmetry of contemporary armed conflicts; media in armed conflicts (CNN effect); conflict privatization and commercialization - PMC’s (private military companies), warlorism, raw material conflicts (mechanism); problems of child soldiers, external and internal refugee (IDPs); Tofflers - the theory of three waves of development (the nature of armed conflict and war strategies depending on the circle); Huntington - a clash of civilizations; theory of just war (M. Walzer); geography and statistics of modern armed conflicts (PRIO, UCDP and SIPRI data).
Energy security: the essence of energy security and the nature of threats (political, economic, technical, geological, asymmetrical); principles of energy security; economic, geostrategic, ecological and institutional dimensions of energy security; linking energy and military security; importer-producer relations - the issue of import dependency and export dependency, interdependence; competition for energy resources and balance of power on the energy market (main production / consumption centers / major energy transport routes).
Human security: the concept of human security in terms of freedom from fear, freedom from want; the significance of the Human Development Report of 1994; HS dimensions: economic, food, health, ecological, political, social; concepts of international responsibility - the issue of "humanitarian intervention" (contemporary just war), the concept of sovereignty as responsibility and responsibility for protection (R2P).
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Term 2023Z:
1. Introduction. International security - the evolution of security research. [Factors and stages of development of security studies; traditional vs. contemporary understanding of security; evolution of the scope of security - objective, subjective, spatial, scope of measures and methods of security policy; Copenhagen school - security sectors, securitization, regional security complexes.] 2. International security environment from the perspective of modern threats. [Structural and traditional sources of security threats; international security environment and the evolution of threats after the Cold War - international processes (tendencies and megatrends), new asymmetrical and non-military threats; practical contemporary security problems - the fight against terrorism, preventing WMD proliferation, managing conflicts and humanitarian crises, problems of economic, energy, ecological, water and other security; ] 3. Trends in global military spending. [Trends in military expenditure after the Cold War; reasons for the increase in military expenditure; regional trends; contemporary arms race - global and regional military powers; ATT] https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2019 4. International arms trade - security implications. [The world's largest exporters and importers of conventional armaments; Trends in arms trade after the Cold War - shopping structure, geography, scale, dynamics of modern arms trade; Implications for international security; security dilemma; theories of the hegemonic cycle and power transition] 5. Security and international order [the role of powers in the sphere of international security - balance of power, unipolarity, multipolarity; Power - definitions, the concept of power diffusion; international order after the Cold War concepts of unipolarity, multipolarity, asymmetrical multipolarity, absence of poles] 6. Contemporary armed conflicts - geography, intensity, asymmetry. [War, armed conflict - traditional and 7. Contemporary armed conflicts - privatization, commercialization, internationalization, civilian victims. Right to intervene (R2P). [Privatization of PMC’s conflicts, warlorism; resource conflicts, Child soldiers; 8-9. International security institutions - responding to contemporary armed conflicts. [Types of international security institutions; conflict resolution in theory - preventive diplomacy, peace-making, peace-keeping, peace-building and peace enforcement; practice of activities for peace and security, i.e. the effectiveness of responding to armed conflicts] 11. Ecological security. Climate change as a threat to international security. [Threats to ecological security; stages of securitization of climate change; implications 12.Water and food security and the concept of human security [Securitization of food and water problems; resource conflicts; 13. Nuclear safety. 14-15. Regional security systems. [Euro-Atlantic system - NATO and EU; |
Term 2024Z:
1. Introduction. International security - the evolution of security research. [Factors and stages of development of security studies; traditional vs. contemporary understanding of security; evolution of the scope of security - objective, subjective, spatial, scope of measures and methods of security policy; Copenhagen school - security sectors, securitization, regional security complexes.] 2. International security environment from the perspective of modern threats. [Structural and traditional sources of security threats; international security environment and the evolution of threats after the Cold War - international processes (tendencies and megatrends), new asymmetrical and non-military threats; practical contemporary security problems - the fight against terrorism, preventing WMD proliferation, managing conflicts and humanitarian crises, problems of economic, energy, ecological, water and other security; ] 3. Trends in global military spending. [Trends in military expenditure after the Cold War; reasons for the increase in military expenditure; regional trends; contemporary arms race - global and regional military powers; ATT] https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2019 4. International arms trade - security implications. [The world's largest exporters and importers of conventional armaments; Trends in arms trade after the Cold War - shopping structure, geography, scale, dynamics of modern arms trade; Implications for international security; security dilemma; theories of the hegemonic cycle and power transition] 5. Security and international order [the role of powers in the sphere of international security - balance of power, unipolarity, multipolarity; Power - definitions, the concept of power diffusion; international order after the Cold War concepts of unipolarity, multipolarity, asymmetrical multipolarity, absence of poles] 6. Contemporary armed conflicts - geography, intensity, asymmetry. [War, armed conflict - traditional and 7. Contemporary armed conflicts - privatization, commercialization, internationalization, civilian victims. Right to intervene (R2P). [Privatization of PMC’s conflicts, warlorism; resource conflicts, Child soldiers; 8-9. International security institutions - responding to contemporary armed conflicts. [Types of international security institutions; conflict resolution in theory - preventive diplomacy, peace-making, peace-keeping, peace-building and peace enforcement; practice of activities for peace and security, i.e. the effectiveness of responding to armed conflicts] 11. Ecological security. Climate change as a threat to international security. [Threats to ecological security; stages of securitization of climate change; implications 12.Water and food security and the concept of human security [Securitization of food and water problems; resource conflicts; 13. Nuclear safety. 14-15. Regional security systems. [Euro-Atlantic system - NATO and EU; |
Type of course
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Learning outcomes
Student:
has in-depth knowledge of the nature and evolution of security research and their place in the science of international relations; understands key theoretical concepts in the field of security research, including their current trends; defines and analyzes the basic contemporary problems of international security;
has knowledge of contemporary security problems; learns the evolution of the balance of power in international relations in a global and regional perspective;
has extensive knowledge of the issues of military security, as well as non-traditional dimensions of security (economic, energy, ecological); has knowledge about shaping military expenditure in a global and regional perspective, rules governing international arms trade and trends in contemporary armed conflicts;
has knowledge of non-military and asymmetric security threats;
Skills:
analyzes contemporary international security problems and formulates reliable opinions on them, supported by key theoretical concepts of the discipline;
can analyze and simulate phenomena and processes affecting international security and formulate conclusions using a wide range of theoretical approaches and using the most important specialist terms in the field of security research.
Assessment criteria
- Evaluation of quality of speeches and logic of argumentation presented during class discussions
- evaluation of analytical skills
- evaluation of knowledge (exam)
- Attendance
- active participation in discussions on the basis of literature
- preparation of case studies
- final test
Bibliography
R. Kuźniar, A. Bieńczyk-Missala, P. Grzebyk, R. Kupiecki, M. Madej, K. Pronińska, A. Szeptycki, P. Śledź, M. Tabor, A. Wojciuk, Bezpieczeństwo Międzynarodowe, wydanie drugie zmienione i rozszerzone, Wyd. Scholar, Warszawa 2020
R. Kuźniar, et.al., Bezpieczeństwo Międzynarodowe, Warszawa (Scholar 2012).
K. Pronińska, Współczesne konflikty zbrojne, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit.
H. Munkler, The wars of the 21st century, IRRC March, 85:849 (2003) lub H. Munkler, Wojny naszych czasów, Kraków 2004, ss. 13-47.
M. Madej, Prywatyzacja przemocy - fenomen prywatnych przedsiębiorstw wojskowych i jego implikacje dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit.
SIPRI Yearbook 2018. Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Summary, SIPRI 2019
https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2019
D. Baldwin, Security Studies and the End of the Cold War, “World Politics”, vol. 48 no. 1 (October 1995).
R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit., rozdział 2,3,4.
Literatura uzupełniająca:
J. Mearsheimer, Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War, “International Security”, vol. 15, no. 1. (Summer, 1990), ss. 5-56
R. Kuźniar, Z. Lachowski, Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe czasu przemian. Zagrożenia – koncepcje – instytucje, Warszawa 2003, s. 105-127, 209-233, 261-26.
Szczegółowe dane: N. Tian, A. Fleurant, A. Kuimova, P.D. Wezeman, S.T. Wezeman, Trends in world military expenditure, 2018 SIPRI Fact Sheet 2019
ATT - https://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/arms-trade-treaty-2/
SIPRI Yearbook 2018. Summary [cz. Arms Trade] oraz Wezeman, P. D., Fleurant, A., Kuimova A., Tian N., Wezeman, S. T., Trends in International Arms Transfers 2018, SIPRI Fact Sheet March 2019.
M.Sułek, Przemysł zbrojeniowy i handel bronią, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., op. cit.
J. Ikenberry, The end of liberal international order?, International Affairs 94: 1 (2018) pp.17-23;
S. Kay, Globalization, Power, and Security, “Security Dialogue”, vol. 35 no. 1 (March 2004).
Cykl artykułów „Konflikty zbrojne” B.Balcerowicz i K. Pronińska w „Rocznik Strategiczny” od edycji 2011/12
R. Tarnogórski, Libya and Syria: Responsibility to Protect at a Crossroads, “PISM Strategic File 26”, (Nov. 2012)
M. Kaldor, B. Vashee (ed.), New Wars: Restructuring the Global Military Sector, London: Prinetr, 1997 (introduction i chapter 1) lub M. Kaldor, Old Wars, Cold Wars, New Wars and the War on Terror, “International Politics” 42, (2005).
K. Pronińska, Współczesne konflikty zbrojne, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit.
M. Renner, The Anatomy of Resource Wars, Worldwatch Paper 162, October 2002, pp. 5-26
P. Grzebyk, Ramy prawne dla użycia siły, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit..
K. Pronińska, Nowe problemy bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego: bezpieczeństwo energetyczne i ekologiczne , w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit.. ss. 303-317; K. Pronińska, Energy security: global and regional dimensions, “SIPRI Yearbook 2007”, ss. 216-40;
Współczesne trendy rynkowe:
IEA, World Energy Outlook 2018, OECD 2019.
https://webstore.iea.org/download/summary/190?fileName=English-WEO-2018-ES.pdf:
Literatura uzupełniająca:
D. Moran, J.A. Russell, The militarization of energy security, “Strategic Insights”,7:1 (2008) lub A. Myers Jaffe, R. Soligo, Militarization of Energy: Geopolitical Threats to the Global Energy System, Working Paper Energy Forum James A. Baker III, May 2008.
G. Michałowska, Bezpieczeństwo ludzkie, J. Symonides (red.), Świat wobec współczesnych wyzwań i zagrożeń, Warszawa 2010.
T. Homer-Dixon, Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases, „International Security”, 1994 or V. Percical, T. Homer-Dixon, Environmental Scarcity and Conflict, Journal of Peace Research, 35:3 (May 1998).
Literatura uzupełniająca:
P. Gleick, Water and Conflict, “International Security”, 18:1 (1998).
M. Madej, Zwalczanie profliferacji BMR, w: w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo
międzynarodowe, op. cit..
G. Allison, Nuclear Disorder. Surveying Atomic Threats, Foreign Affairs, 89:74
(2010)
M. Madej, Sojusze polityczno-wojskowe - NATO, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, ss. 298-302
R. Parkes, Migration and terrorism: the new frontiers for European solidarity, EUISS Brief, Dec. 2015 https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/195209/Brief_37_Article_222.pdf
K. Pronińska, Międzynarodowe instytucje bezpieczeństwa Ameryki, Afryki, Azji i regionu WNP, w: R. Kuźniar, et al., Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, op. cit. (wybrane MIB)
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Term 2023Z:
PODRĘCZNIK PODSTAWOWY: Literatura uzupełniająca: ATT - https://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/arms-trade-treaty-2/ |
Term 2024Z:
PODRĘCZNIK PODSTAWOWY: Literatura uzupełniająca: ATT - https://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/arms-trade-treaty-2/ |
Notes
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Term 2023Z:
- Attendance policy! Students are allowed two |
Term 2024Z:
- Attendance policy! Students are allowed two |
Additional information
Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system: