Nuclear Radiation Detection 1200-1CHJDPJW2
The following topics will be presented:
- detection of the nuclear radiation based on its interaction with matter. Measurements of the radiation activity (number of counts, intensity) and energy
- detection of γ, α, β radiation and other charged particles. Consequences for construction of radiation counters (active volume, attenuating shielding etc.). Discrimination of a given radiation type.
- sample-detector geometry in radiation measurements, counting efficiency
- gas-filled detectors: ionization chamber, proportional counter, Geiger-Muller counter. Determination of activity and radiation energy. Principle of operation, the design and influence of the radiation type on construction of the device. Windowless detectors. Influence of the work conditions on the radiation detection.
- scintillation detectors. Principle of operation, fluorescence and phosphorescence. Solid organic and inorganic, liquid and gaseous scintillators. Chemical composition of the scintillators, role of dopants, optical transparency. Determination of activity and energy, simultaneous detection of various types of radiation. The design and influence of the radiation type on construction of the device. Generation of the radiation spectrum.
- semiconducting detectors. Principle of operation, determination of activity and energy. Detection of various types of radiation: electromagnetic and charged particles. The design and influence of the radiation type on construction of the device. Generation of the radiation spectrum.
- Cherenkov detectors. Construction and principle of operation.
- detection of neutrons. General idea, detection of neutrons of various energies, neutron energy determination.
- comparison of various types of detectors for a given radiation type
- imaging of distribution of radioisotopes in a sample
- examples of application of nuclear radiation detection in chemical sciences
- mathematical analysis of results of the nuclear radiation measurements
Type of course
Mode
Requirements
Prerequisites
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Learning outcomes
After completing the lecture the student should be familiar with the following topics:
- basic terms related to nuclear radiation detectors, including counting efficiency, energy resolution, sample-detector geometry, energy spectrum, radiation discrimination
- construction diagrams of radiation counters
- principles of operation of nuclear radiation detectors, role of the device components
- selection of the detector most suitable for a given task (type and energy of the radiation, determination of energy, energy resolution, counting efficiency)
- limitation of discussed types of the detectors
- proper mathematical analysis of results of the measurements
Assessment criteria
A written exam with open-ended and closed-ended questions, a score of at least 51% of points is required to pass the exam. Acceptable are 3 absences.
Practical placement
not applicable
Bibliography
J. Sobkowski, M. Jelińska-Kazimierczuk, Chemia Jądrowa, Adamantan, 2006
A. Czerwiński, Energia jądrowa i promieniotwórczość, OW K. Pazdro, 1998
W. Szymański, Chemia Jądrowa, PWN, 1996
J. Sobkowski, Chemia Radiacyjna i Ochrona Radiologiczna, Adamantan, 2009
G. Choppin, J. Rydberg, J.-O. Liljenzin, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001
A. Vértes, S. Nagy, Z. Klencsár, R.G. Lovas, F. Rösch, Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry, Springer, 2011
V. Acosta, C. L. Cowan, B. J. Graham, Podstawy fizyki współczesnej, PWN, 1981
G.R. Choppin, J. Rydberg, Nuclear chemistry : theory and applications, Pergamon, 1980
J. Araminowicz, K. Małuszyńska, M. Przytuła, Laboratorium fizyki jądrowej, PWN, 1978
G.F. Knoll, Radiation detection and measurement, Wiley, 2010
T. Radoszewski, Metody pomiaru aktywności izotopów promieniotwórczych, OIEJ, 1973
J.E. Turner, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection, Wiley, 2010
A. Piątkowski, W. Scharf, Elektroniczne mierniki promieniowania jonizującego, WMON, 1969
W. I. Goldanski, A. W. Kucenko, M. I. Podgorecki, Statystyka pomiarów przy rejestracji promieniowania jądrowego, PWN, 1963
B. Dziunikowski, S.J. Kalita, Ćwiczenia Laboratoryjne z Jądrowych Metod Pomiarowych, Wydawnictwa AGH, 1995
Additional information
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