Introduction to binocular vision 1100-2BO06

1. Correct binocular vision
• Elements of the perception and learning process
• Visual direction, corresponding and disparate points and areas, motor and sensory fusion, Hering's law
• Horopter and Panum's space
• Levels of binocular vision, planar fusion, stereopsis, physiological suppression and diplopia
• Conditions for proper binocular vision
• Axes in the eye, optical axis, fixation axis, pupillary axis, line of sight
• Monocular and binocular distance assessment criteria
• Orthophoria, horizontal and vertical heterophoria, cyclophoria, heterotropy, microtropy
• Alternating and unilateral cover test, Phi phenomenon
• Methods for measuring dissociated phoria and fusional vergence ranges
• Components of convergence, stimulus for accommodation, stimulus for convergence, Donders curve, graphical analysis, relationship between accommodation and convergence, ACA rate
• Sherd, Percival and Saladin criteria
• Fixation disparity and associated phoria
• Anisometropia, aniseikonia, types, measurement methods and recommended correction methods, Prentice's formula, spectacle magnification
• Binocular vision tests, including polarized and red-green, accommodation, convergence and eye motor examination procedures
2. Associated strabismus
• Classification of strabismus and their characteristics
• Diplopia and confusion, adaptations to strabismus
• Suppression, amblyopia, eccentric fixation and anomalous retinal correspondence, their characteristics, types and basic research procedures, and possible scenarios of corrective and therapeutic actions.
• Classification of strabismus, interview and initial examination of strabismic patients
3. Paralytic strabismus
• Tracking and saccade eye movements, ductions, versions, vergences
• Oculomotor muscles and their action in different viewing directions, neural supply, anatomical structure of the oculomotor apparatus
• Methods of determining the paralyzed muscle, wide H test, red lens test, Parks' three-step test
4. Principles of selecting prismatic correction
• Prismatic correction – available technical solutions and their characteristics
• Prism - when, what size and in what form?
• Determining the value and direction of the base of the oblique prism using a graphic grid and calculation method

Mode

Classroom

Prerequisites (description)

Requirements: credited subjects from the 1st year of the ESOO course: Visual optics, Visual optics laboratory. 1. Acquiring knowledge about proper binocular vision and possible deviations that may disturb this process. 2. Learning the basic research procedures for binocular vision. 3. The ability to conduct an interview with the patient with particular emphasis on various aspects of normal binocular vision or deviations in this regard. 4. Understanding the principles of selecting research procedures allowing for the assessment of binocular vision, analysis of possible corrective solutions and planning therapeutic activities aimed at improving or restoring proper binocular vision in patients without strabismus. 5. Familiarization with the principles of graphic analysis and the ability to use it in everyday optometric practice. 6. Understand the differences between dissociated phoria, fixation disparity, and associated phoria. 7. Classification of associated strabismus and possible adaptations to strabismus. 8. Learning the basic examination procedure of a patient with strabismus, including interview, classification of strabismus, preliminary diagnosis and familiarization with possible therapy. 9. Getting to know the operation of oculomotor muscles, the basics of the anatomy of the oculomotor apparatus and its disorders, including paralytic strabismus. 10. Learning the principles of selecting prismatic correction and available technical solutions in this area. 11. Learning about the research equipment and basic therapeutic devices used in the examination and therapy of binocular vision.

Course coordinators

Jacek Pniewski
Tomasz Tokarzewski

Assessment criteria

Written exam.
A successful completion of the lecture requires more than 60% correct answers from the examination.
Grading scale:
bdb ≥90%
db+ ≥85% and <90%
db ≥ 80% and <85%
dst+≥70% and <80%
dst ≥60% and <70%
FW <60%

Passing this exam is a prerequisite for admission to classes in semester IV at Optometry Clinics II.
Students who have not passed the exam and have registered for Optometry clinics II on USOS should deregister. If they fail to do so, they will be deregistered by the Dean's Office.

Bibliography

OPTOMETRIA T. Grosvenor wyd. polskie 1 , red. T. Tokarzewski, M. Ożóg Wydawnictwo Elsevier Urban & Partner, Rok wydania 2011

Additional:
Korekcja wad wzroku - procedury badania refrakcji
A. Styszyński, Alfamedica press 2009

Additional information

Information on level of this course, year of study and semester when the course unit is delivered, types and amount of class hours - can be found in course structure diagrams of apropriate study programmes. This course is related to the following study programmes:

European programme in ophthalmic optics and optometry, first cycle programme

Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system:

Description of 1100-2BO06 in USOSweb