Prevention of human rights atrocities 2200-9HA-10

Week 1
I Introduction to Prevention of Mass Atrocities
- explaining major categories and definitions
- actors
- goals of the course
- Warsaw as a memorial city

Week 2

II Mass atrocities in Historical Perspective – Their Course and Consequences
- Aborigines
- Armenians
- Soviet crimes
- Colonial crimes

- D. Schaller, J. Zimmerer, The Origins of Genocide. Raphael Lemkin as a Historian of Mass Violence, 2009.
- R. Serbyn, Holodomor: The Ukrainian Genocide, in: A. Bieńczyk-Missala, S. Dębski (ed.), Rafał Lemkin. A Hero of Humankind, Warsaw 2010.
- R. Hovannisian, The Armenian Genocide, 2004.
- S. Robinson, J. Patten, The Question of Genocide and Indigenous Child Removal: The - Colonial Australian Context, “The Journal of Genocide Research”, No. 10, 2008.

Week 3

III Groups of Victims During WWII and techniques of extermination
- national, ethnic, religious groups, among others Jews, Roma
- political groups
- homosexuals
- disabled
- civilians

- R. Lemkin, Genocide—A New Term And New Conception For Destruction Of Nations (Chapter IX), Axis Rule In Occupied Europe, NYC 1944.
- Holocaust Encyclopedia, US Holocaust Memorial Museum
- R. Melson, Paradigms of Genocide: The Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and Contemporary Mass Destruction, ANNALS, AAPSS, 548, Nov. 1996.
- Mosaic of Victims, US Holocaust Memorial Museum

Week 4

IV. Genocide as a process and prevention
- Stages of Genocide by Dr. Gregory Stanton
- Case study: Rwanda

- G.H. Stanton, 10 Stages of Genocide
- Human Rights Watch Report, The Rwandan Genocide: How It Was Prepared, April 2006.
- Maria van Haperen, The Rwandan Genocide, 1994,

Week 5

V. Hate speech
- Definition and the scope
- Dangerous speech
- Case studies

- Council of Europe Fact Sheet
- S. Benesch's Dangerous Speech framework, luty 2003, http://dangerousspeech.org/guidelines
- S. Benesch, Countering Dangerous Speech: New Ideas for Genocide Prevention, “Working Paper”, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, seminar, 2014.

Week 6+7

VI.-VII. The role of Individuals
- perpetrators
- victims
- bystanders
- Experiments: Milgram’s, Zimbard’s

- E. Staub, The Psychology of Bystanders, Perpetrators and Heroic Helpers, (in:) The Psychology of Good and Evil: Why children, adults and groups help and harm others, NY Cambridge 2003.
- Jean Hatzfeld, Machete Season, New York 2003.
- J. Waller, The Ordinariness of Extraordinary Evil: the Making of Perpetrators of Genocide and Mass Killing.
- S.A. McLeod, The Milgram Experiment, 2007. from www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html -
- S.A. McLeod, Stanford Prison Experiment, 2008 (updated 2016), from www.simplypsychology.org/

Week 8

VIII. "Responsibility to Protect"
- From the humanitarian intervention to R2P
- The work of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
- Adapting the concept by the United Nations
- The involvement of the Secretary-General
- The role of states and other actors
- case studies: Libya, Syria

- Report „Responsibility to Protect” ICISS, 2001.
- 2005 World Summit Outcome, GA Resolution
- N. Tocci, On Power and Norms. Libya, Syria, And the Responsibility to Protect, “Transatlantic Academy Paper Series”, April 2014.

Week 9

IX. Risk Evaluation and Early Warning

- Office of The Special Adviser on The Prevention of Genocide
- Framework of Analysis for the Prevention of Atrocity Crimes
- Office of the Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, Analysis Framework, A Guide for States
- Framework of Analysis for the Prevention of Atrocity Crimes

Week 10

X. State Preventive Instruments
- early warning
- political and diplomatic instruments
- economic instruments
- legal instruments
- social instruments
- education

-Early warning, assessment and the responsibility to protect, Secretary General report, 2010
-Responsibility to protect: State responsibility and prevention, Secretary General report, 2013
-A. Bellamy, A Lupel, Why we fail: Obstacles to the Effective Prevention of Mass Atrocities, June 2015.

Week 11

X. International Institutions and Instruments

- United Nations
- Regional Organizations
- Role of states

A. Bieńczyk-Missala, 2016, Early warning and prevention of atrocity crimes – the role of the United Nations (w:) Dorota Heidrich, Klaus Bachmann (eds): The Legacy of Crimes, Crises and Violence. Transitional Justice, Domestic Change and the Role for the International Community, Peter Lang Edition, s. 199-216.

Week 12-13

XI. Prevention and non-governmental organizations

- Genocide Prevention Task Force, 2008.
- Task Force on the European Union Prevention of Mass Atrocities, Budapest Centre for International Prevention of Mass Atrocities 2013.
S. Wolff, Twenty Years On: The Continuing Relevance of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities