Atoms, molecules and laser spectroscopy 1100-AMLS

Program
1. Hydrogen atom:
a. Schrödinger equation;
b. fine structure, Lamb shift.
2. Alkali atoms.
3. Helium atom.
4. Multielectron atoms:
a. independent electron approximation in a central potential;
b. atomic terms in L-S and j-j coupling;
c. electron configuration and determination of the term manifold;
d. the periodic table.
5. Hyperfine structure of atomic terms.
6. Separation of electron and nuclear motion in a molecule, adiabatic and Born-Oppenheimer approximations, potential energy surfaces.
7. Electronic structure of molecules:
a. diatomic molecules, molecular orbitals, orbital energies, electronic states and their energies;
b. polyatomic molecules: H2O, hydrocarbons, benzene. Hybrydization.
8. Nuclear motion in molecules - vibrations and rotation:
a. diatomic molecules - vibration of nuclei, rotation of molecules, structure of energy levels of diatomic molecules;
b. polyatomic molecules - rotational energy levels, classical treatment of vibrations, normal coordinates, quantum approach.
9. Molecular spectra:
a. rotational spectra;
b. vibrational spectra (change of vibrational level, rotational structure of vibrational transitions);
c. electronic transitions.
10. Introduction to spectroscopic methods and their relevance to modern physics.
11. Laser spectroscopy with resolution limited by Doppler width: absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, excitation spectra, ionization, optogalvanic, optothermal spectroscopy, multiphoton spectroscopy, optical pumping, optical-optical double resonance, polarization labelling.
12. Doppler-free spectroscopy:
a. laser spectroscopy in atomic and molecular beams;
b. supersonic beams;
c. laser ablation;
d. fast ion beams;
e. saturation spectroscopy;
f. polarization spectroscopy;
g. two- and multiphoton Doppler-free spectroscopy.
13. Time-resolved spectroscopy:
a. pulsed excitation of atoms;
b. lifetime measurements in fast beams;
c. phase-shift method;
d. Hanle effect;
e. quantum beat spectroscopy;
f. picosecond spectroscopy - pulse and probe technique;
g. femtosecond spectroscopy;
h. laser femtochemistry.
14. Laser cooling and trapping of atoms:
a. laser cooling of atoms;
b. optical molasses;
c. Sisyphus cooling;
d. magnetooptic trap;
e. dipole and magnetic traps;
f. evaporative cooling;
g. atom optics;
h. optical tweezers;
i. Bose-Einstein condensation.
15. Laser cooling of molecules:
a. photoassociation spectroscopy;
b. magnetoassociation (Feshbach resonances).
16. Application of spectroscopic methods in chemistry, medicine and technology.