Dialect of Arabic Language 3600-5-AR3-DJA

Full subject description

The Egyptian dialect is one of the main in the Arab world for several reasons: Egypt since the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries has become the world's leader in cultural, artistic and literary life. During this period in Egypt, the foundations of popular culture emerged, which was expressed by the boulevard theater, using the dialect. The entire Egyptian drama shaped up to this day is bilingual, along with the literary language, it operates colloquial. Thus, the Egyptian dialect is the only Arabic dialect in which a significant literary output has been produced in the form of hundreds of dramatic works published in book form. The grammar of the Egyptian dialect is well-formed and described. Knowledge of the Egyptian dialect was popularized not only thanks to the theater, but also the huge film and television production in this language, which is very popular throughout the Arab world. Nowadays, in the world, the Egyptian TV series and popular culture of Egypt are extremely popular, with a particular focus on the song, usually based on dialectal texts. Thanks to the knowledge of the Egyptian dialect and the literary language, you can communicate with the population of all Arab countries.
In the first semester I will discuss the simplest and basic forms for the Egyptian dialect
The dialect is taught as a separate language with its own grammar, syntax and lexis. The old method used to simplify the forms and structures of the Arabic literary language is not used.
In the teaching of the Egyptian dialect a transcription-like transcript is used, allowing to reproduce all the nuances of the grammar of this language, which can not be explained sufficiently using the Arabic alphabet - in the absence of properly educated characters.
The construction of the words of the Egyptian dialect is based on the system of consonants and vowels, whose mutual dependencies are recognized (unlike in the literary language) in the form of syllables. The basis for the construction is the ccv system, the dialect does not tolerate a cluster of three consonants. Such a situation resulting from grammatical rules requires the separation of this cluster with a vowel. The Egyptian dialect also does not tolerate the clusters of two vowels, in which case one of them is absorbed.
The simplest declarative sentences arise using the phrase fih which means "is", "there is" (corresponds to the most English "there is"). This phrase is often used in short-term responses, also to strengthen the spoken content; often, the return is not explained. Query sentences are most often created by inversion. It is helpful to return the tara (the question? Can you tell?) The simplest negative sentences are created with the help of expressions mafisz (nie ma), musi / misz (nie), anhu, anhi, anhum (jak, what, what, what)
The Egyptian dialect uses the basic types of pronouns: personal: ana, inta, inti, huwwa, hijja, ihna, intum / intu, humma (me, you, he, she, we, you oni), indicating two types da, di, dol (this one, those, those) and ahu, ahi, ahum (Here he is, here it is, here you are, these). Pronouns are used to build simple sentences of the da talib type (i.e. a student), di taliba (that is a student)
The Egyptian dialect has very strict accenting rules. The accent falls on the second syllable from the end or on a long vowel, if it does not occur, one of the special situations: In words in which there are three open syllables, the accent falls on the third syllable from the end. In words in which there are two syllables open and the third closed, accept falls on the third from the end. The accent falls on a double syllable. vowel. If the complement in the form of a suffix pronoun connects to 3 people. r. singular. past tense, the accent falls on the penultimate syllable of submission, eg hija darabitu (she hit him)
The link in dialect is wi, means a, i. It also acts as a comma. The consonant after the words ending in a vowel shortens to w, in a consonant to u.
The noun and the adjective in the dialect are in the masculine and feminine singular and plural forms. Men's endings pl. it's ina, female at. The irregular plural is popular.
A key role in the formulation of the dialect is played by the possession of and. It changes: andi, andak ,. andi, andu, andaha, andina, andukukum, anduku (literally, "it's mine", etc.), I have, you have, he has, she has, we have, you have, they have. This particle also appears in the double form.
Egyptian nouns take the double number, introduced for nouns r.m with the help of endings en, for adjectives, r. - that ending.
The active participles (type ¬ aa - i) in the dialect are used primarily for introducing nominative sentences, passive participles and introducing states. They also form negative sentences introduced by the must / mish part. The exception is the fadil participle, which has a verbal meaning: remained, remained, remaining, remaining. Introduced will be the "untranslatable" participles: sahir, sahran ¬- watchers at night, spending the evening or night time on some occupation, mitfassah (they spend spending evening or night time on some occupation, mitfassah (spending miles and useful time), ghajib (absent).
The dialect has modal verbs faddal (preferable), habb (like) qidir (be able to); this function is also fulfilled by the participle of awiz / awiz (want)
In the dialect there are regular verbs of the construction type: katab (write) and fihim (understand), weak verbs of the construction type: rah (jiruh) - go, sab (jisiib) - leave, verbs doub (like, love), weak type miszi - to go, go, frame - to quit, irregular geh to come), kaal to eat), chaad (take) Verbs create past and present tense ..
In the Egyptian dialect there are particles: aszan in the causal and wish function (because, by) and lahsan in the warning function. (because not)
The negative mode in a dialect is expressed by introducing the ending of a given personal form or preposition Specific rules apply to intra-word changes under the influence of this tip. Changes also occur under the influence of suffixes added in the form of complement.
There are extensive forms of the imperative mode in the dialect. The imperative of the first type of iktib is a borrowing from the literary language. Imperative mode II is introduced using the ma particle, eg has tiktib, it has persuasive and encouraging meaning: write, write, write that this mode is also used in more folk environments. The imperative enters the verb iwa.
In the second semester will be discussed further - more complex forms of the dialect, whose complex character results from both grammatical structures and phonetics
One of the characteristic features of the dialect is the whip expression, devoid of the possibility of an exact translation into Polish. In terms of given contexts, it means the possession, dependence of people, things, phenomena and utilitarianism of objects.
The numeral in the dialect is expanded. There are three types of numerals from 3 to 10: the basic form used for enumeration and the differently constructed forms preceding nouns - different for words beginning with vowels and consonants. The dialect introduces a system of numerals including hundreds, tens and ordinal numbers.
Adverbial sentences with a conjunction wi and a particle have very popular in the Egyptian dialect, they require precise use of verb tenses and forms ccording to the principle of consecutio temporum.
The dialect has an extended system of times covering the past, present, future tenses.
There are three conditions in the Egyptian dialect: real, possible and irrreal. ( In the Egyptian dialect there are phrases, phrases and borrowings from foreign languages that are characterized by specific meaning and grammatical rules.

Grammatical structures will be presented in the form of specially prepared sentences and texts about the everyday situation.