(in Polish) Konwersatorium językoznawcze III z + p: „Pierwszy priorytet, widzieć na własne oczy ….”, czyli prawie wszystko o pleonazmach w języku francuskim i polskim 3304-1DX3W-KJ-18

The seminary is focused on the analysis and classification of word compounds - collocations, in which one of the components contains the same content that appears in the other.
These types of word compounds appear not only in everyday language, they are also often found in press, political, advertising and even academic discourse. In linguistics they are called pleonasms. (e.g. withdraw back, fall down, continue further, most optimal, authentic fact, favorable approval, future prospects, rare unique, two alternatives etc.).
Some will ask: Why do we need any knowledge about errors, especially when they are described with such strange terms? First of all, these are common mistakes and unfortunately they introduce chaos into written and verbal statements. Secondly, they are more and more often picked up by conscious language users, so if we happen to use them in a statement, we will simply expose ourselves to ridicule, especially if the text is supposed to be professional. Third, not all of them are errors. Some are actually classified as obvious grammatical or lexical errors, others are considered useful because they serve different semantic functions (e.g. hear with your own ears, walk on feet, in real life, bad nightmare, freezing blood in veins, dark night, etc.) . And, finally, it is always worth learning something new about the languages (French and Polish) that we know and use.