What do words mean and how do they mean - an introduction to lexicology 3304-1DX2W-KJ-3
The seminary will focus on various ways of describing the meaning of words from a lexicological (and to a lesser extent, lexicographic) perspective - from meaning in a structural approach, through interpretative semantics, explication of meanings in simple terms, lexical functions and paraphrasing meanings, to meaning in a cognitive approach.
Seminar program:
1. A short history of semantics and a reminder of the basic definitions (semantics, meaning, denotation, connotation, semiological triangle, etc.) and lexicology as a branch of semantics, its research goals.
2. Definitions of a word/lexeme according to three criteria (phonological, structural, semantic), lemmatization, definition of a morpheme, word and morpheme, types of grammatical morphemes and their functions, inflected word and derived word, simple word and compound word, word that is divisible in word formation and a word indivisible in word formation.
3. Word formation processes (derivations, compounds, compounds, abbreviations, abbreviations and their classifications).
4. Evolution of vocabulary: monosemous and polysemous words, archaism and neologism, formal neologism and neosemanticism, evolution of the meaning of words (expansion, narrowing, shift).
5. Loanwords as a means of enriching native vocabulary - their classification.
6. Paradigmatic semantic relations between words (synonymy, paronymy, antonymy, homonymy, hyperonymy, meronymy).
7. Analysis of the meaning of words:
a/ componential meaning analysis
Katz and Fodor's semantic markers and semantic distinguishers, semitic analysis (sem, semem, semantem) B. Pottier, (1963,1974), semitic analysis (F. Rastier 1987),
b/ explication of meanings in simple terms - indefinibilia and Lingua mentalis (1980) by Anna Wierzbicka,
c/The meaning of words from the perspective of the cognitive theory of language (Putnam, Rosch, Langacker, Kleiber).
8. Meaning of words in the dictionary - dictionary definitions - their classification.
9. The meaning of words in word compounds - description of the combinatorial properties of words (i.e. taking into account the limitation of their connectivity on the syntagmatic axis):
a/ The Sens ↔Text model (1974) I. Melczuk, J. Apresjan, A. Zolkovski - lexical functions in the Explanatory-Combinatorial Dictionary (Dictionnaire combinatoire et explicatif du français contemporain, 1995),
b/ meaning in phraseological expressions and collocations.
10. The meaning of words in the text (metaphorical, metonymic, hyperbolic, euphemistic).
11. Current directions of lexicological research.
Mode
Course coordinators
Assessment criteria
Passing conditions: grade based on one test and one independent written work (rated for grade), as well as active participation in classes. Mandatory presence. 2 absences are allowed.
Bibliography
Basic bibliography:
Blanco X., Sfar I. (2018). Lexicologie(s) : approches croisées en sémantique lexicale, Berne : Peter Lang.
Gaudin F., Guespin L. (2000). Introduction à la lexicologie française, Bruxelles : Duculot.
Lehman A., Martin-Berthet F. (2014). Lexicologie. Sémantique, Morphologie, lexicographie, Paris : Armand Colin.
Mel’čuk I., Polguère A. (1995). Introduction à la lexicologie explicative et combinatoire. Bruxelles : Duculot.
Mel’čuk I., Polguère A. (2013). Tout ce que nous voulions savoir sur les phrasèmes, mais …, Cahiers de lexicologie 102, 129-149. (pdf) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327830942_Tout_ce_que_nous_voulions_savoir_sur_les_Phrasemes_Mais
Mel’čuk I., Polguère A. (2021). Les fonctions lexicales dernier cri. In S. Marengo (éd.) La Théorie Sens-Texte. Concepts-clés et applications. Paris : L’Harmattan.
Mortureux M.-F. (1997).La lexicologie entre langue et discours. Paris : SEDES, Coll. Campus.
Nyckees V. (1998). La sémantique, Paris : Belin.
Salminen A.- N. (2015). La lexicologie, Paris : Armand Colin.
Touratier Ch. (2000). La sémantique, Paris : Armand Colin.
Notes
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Term 2023L:
Passing conditions: grade based on one test and one independent written work (rated for grade), as well as active participation in classes. Mandatory presence. 2 absences are allowed. |
Additional information
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