Etruscan tomb-paintings: Orientalizing period and Archaic period 3101-DM0055

History of studies. Direct and indirect sources. The importance of the role of the copies and descriptions of the XIX century and later. Historical background . External and local factors of evolution. Changes in the Etruscan funerary art between the Villanovian and the Orientalizing periods. Chamber' (a "camera", ipogee???) tombs, its genesis, forms and decoration . The first Etruscan tomb-paintings from Veii and Caere; its character, technique and its probable relations with the etruscan subgeometric vase-paintings. Zoomorphic friezes and groups. The first figural scenes and the way they are interpreted -the problem of the assimilation of the Greek mythology in Etruria ( 4 hours)
Archaic period (End of the VII - 2 quarter of the V cent. BC )
A. Period of the domination of the Corinthian influences ( ca 625 - - 560 BC )
Importance of the influences of the Corinthian commerce and culture of the evolution of the Etruscan art in this period. Standardization of the figural motifs . Zoomorphic friezes and groups, and their significance in the Etruscan funerary art. A problem of the "mischwesen" (specially sea demons and fantastic sea monsters) ( 6 hours)
B. Period of the domination of Ionian art (560 - end of the VI cent BC )
The flourish of the Tarquinian funerary painting; Its historical, cultural, and religious back ground. Importance of the Ionian influences. Mythological, funerary, and live scenes: their interpretation. Assimilation of Greek mythological scenes and motifs in Etruscan Art and the probable significance of sea monsters in the Etruscan tombs. Can the tomb be seen as an "house", or as Land of the Dead, or place where the deads are in contact with the alives? The motif of the door and of the friezes with dolphins and its interpretations. Problem of the journey to the Island of the Blessed-Ones.. Symbolic and realistic contents. (14 hours )
C. Period of the attic influences (end of the VI - - 450 BC)
Political and economical changes. Influences of the revolution of the Greek design from the end of the VI cent. BC. Role of the attic red-figure vase-paintings. Formation of the local tradition in the tarquinian tomb- painting and beginning of the process of the painting standardization. Crisis of the middle of the V century BC. Sub archaic style ( 6 hours ).
(skrót ). Etruscan funerary painting in the orientalizing (2 ? of VII cent. a.C- 625 a. C.) and archaic periods (625-460 a. C.)
Formation factors in the development of painting, exterior factors and successive phases of Greek influences (Corinthian, Ionic and Attic) on the style and the themes - and internal factors: eschatological beliefs, funerary rites, social structure, role of the aristocracy and its ideology, the importance of the familiar nucleus, position of the woman. Periods, development centres, affirmation of the painting of Tarquinia and formation of the local tradition of the Tarquinia's painting. The crisis of the V century, its genesis and its consequences. Formation of the sub-archaic style.