Mechanisms of carcinogenesis and modern anticancer therapies -W 1400-217MNiTP-W
Lecture:
Cancer epidemiology. Factors favoring cancer induction: environment pollution, genetics. Characteristics of cancer cell. Critical genes, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and stabilizing genes, their role in carcinogenesis. Mutation theory of carcinogenesis, classic models: initiation, promotion, progression. Metabolic activation and detoxification of xenobiotics: polymorphism of metabolic genes as a marker of susceptibility to cancer. DNA lesions as an origin of mutations. Exogenous and internal factors damaging DNA: UV, ionizing radiation, environmwntal carcinogens, diet, inflammations, infections, oxidative stress, enzymatic DNA methylation. Replicative and transcriptional mutagenesis; family of low fidelity DNA polymerases – characteristics and their role in induction of mutations and cancer. DNA repair: direct reversal, postreplicative mismatch repair, excision repair, recombination repair. The role DNA repair proteins in the formation of antibodies. Modern theory of carcinogenesis. Disorders in Signal transduction. Cell cycle and the role of its disorders in the ability to gain unlimited number of cell divisions. Apoptosis and its role in carcinogenesis. DNA repair and cell signaling.
Angiogenesis – formation of new blood vessels. Metastasis. Tumor growth in a new location, relationship with growth factors and adhesion proteins. The reasons of metastasis to defined organs. Human disease related to malfunctioning of DNA repair: cancer (Xeroderma pigmentosum, Bloom syndrome, Ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia), developmental and neurodegenerative disorders (Cockayne syndrome, Trichotiodystrophy), aging (Werner syndrome). Viral carcinogenesis: oncogenic viruses (DNA, RNA), human oncogenic viruses (cervix cancer – HPV 16, 18; leukemia – HTLV 1, 2; hepatitis – HBV, HCV). Epigenetic theory of carcinogenesis: methylation and demethylation of gene promoters, the role of DNA repair and Tet proteins; histone acetylation and methylation; miRNA. Cancer stemlike cells: characteristics, markers, potential inhibitors. Modern cancer diagnostics. Methods based on PCR techniques (PCR, LTR, RT-PCR, QTR-PCR), techniques based on restriction enzymes. Classic methods of cancer therapy: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, modern targeted therapy, new targets in cancer treatment, synthetic lethality, modern carriers of anticancer drugs.
Lecture includes 30 h and is completed with the examination. The time necessary to prepare for the examination is individual, not lower than 30 h.
Type of course
Mode
Prerequisites (description)
Course coordinators
Learning outcomes
Once you have mastered the material covered in lecture student:
-demonstrates knowledge of the current state of knowledge in the main sectors of biotechnology, has knowledge of: the latest research, discoveries and their medical uses with particular reference to the mechanism of cancerogenesis (S3_W01),
-knows the types of anticancer therapies (S3_W01),
-demonstrates the ability of critical analysis and selection of information, especially from electronic sources (S3_K01).
-has a habit of using objective sources of scientific information (S3_K01).
Assessment criteria
Assessment lecture:
The exam is a multiple choice test. The condition for passing the exam is to get more than half of the points.
Practical placement
Not applicable
Bibliography
level below
1.Bal J (red) Biologia molekularna w medycynie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 2013.
2. M. Wojtukiewicz i E. Sierko (red) LECZENIE CELOWANE W ONKOLOGII I HEMATOONKOLOGII, ksiązka ukaże się we wrześniu 2013
3.Friedberg E, DNA Repair,
4.Tudek B, Wewnątrzkomórkowe utlenianie i alkilacja DNA - mechanizmy i skutki. w Koroniak H, Barciszewski J (red) "Na pograniczu Chemii i Biologii", t IV, Wydawnictwa Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2000, str 201-229
5.Rzeszowska-Wolny J, Drobot L, Sygnalizacja i zmiany funkcjonowania komórki po uszkodzeniu DNA. W: Koroniak H, Barciszewski J (red) "Na pograniczu Chemii i Biologii", t IV, Wydawnictwa Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2000, str. 231-252.
6.Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K, Nakagama H, Nagao M (2004) Heterocyclic amines: Mutagens/carcinogens produced during cooking of meat and fish. Cancer Sci. 94(4): 290-299.
7.Jagerstad M, Skog K (2005) Genotoxicity of heat-processed foods, Mutation res., 574: 156-172.
8.Goodman M (2002) Error-prone repair DNA polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Annu Rev.Biochem., 71 : 17-50.
9. Śliwińska-Hill U, Trocha J: Najnowsze terapie przeciwnowotworowe, Post.Farm. 2011 nr 1; s.14-18
Additional information
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