Biogeochemistry 1400-215BGEOCH

1. Foundation of geochemistry: earth features (dimension, mass, density), planet inside structure (nucleus, mantle, earth crust), characteristics of outside earth spheres (earth crust [lithosphere], hydrosphere, atmosphere), the origin of earth resources as a consequence of movement and accumulation of chemical elements and compounds.
2. Biogeochemistry as a specific part of geochemistry - history and present.
3. Geochemical classification of elements (siderophylic, chalcophylic, lithophylic, atmophylic and biophylic). The differences between chemical composition of inanimate nature (outside geospheres) and living organisms. The biophylic elements accumulation.
4. Biosphere as link of geospheres in range of life conditions. The animated nature decomposition in biosphere.
5. The basic processes conditioning the biosphere existence - photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Migration of chemical elements in biosphere. Trace elements in soil and living organisms. Environmental pollution with trace elements, bioindication. The role of water in shaping of biosphere.
6. Interaction and transformation of organic and inorganic components in lithosphere. Natural components and xenobiotics. Humus - origin theories and role in soil.
7. Biogeochemical processes in aquatic and land environments. The cycles of elements. Biogeochemical processes in extreme environments.
8. The overview at biogenic accumulation environments. The degree of decomposition and ash content of biogenic deposits.
9. Xenobiotics in polluted ecosystems - biotic and abiotic transformations of organic and inorganic compounds, Salinisation and its consequence. Bioremediation.
10.Fossil lipids. Biotransformation of isoprenoids to polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Secondary metabolism.
11.Directions and perspectives of biogeochemical investigations.