Mineralogy 1300-OMNW-GEP

Crystallography:
- definition of the crystals; their structure and properties, crystal morphology
- basic crystallography laws, crystal face indices, basic tetrahedron, cosinus formula
- stereographic projection
symmetry and the symmetry elements, crystallographic systems and the review of the 32 crystallographic classes
General mineralogy:
- definition of the mineral; genetic mineralogy, experimental mineralogy, technical mineralogy, biomineralogy
- properties of the minerals: colour and scratch, lustre, opalescence, pleochroism, birefringence, iridescence, alexandrite effect, cat’s eye effect, asterism, chatoyancy, cleavage and fracture, plasticity and flexibility, reactions with hydrochloric acid, magnetic properties, luminescence, density, radioactivity, thermic and electric properties, euhedral, subhedral and anhedral crystals, crystal habits, crystal growths, twinnings, epitaxy, pseudomorphs, paramorphs, mineral aggregates
- minerals in geospheres, environments of mineral formation: mantle, metamorphic, magmatic, (plutonic and volcanic), postmagmatic including pegmatitic, pneumatolytic and hydrothermal; hypergenic including evaporates, limnic, continental including rivers, swamps and deserts, karst processes
Systematic mineralogy:
- native elements
- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides
- sulphides and related minerals
- halogenides
- oxides and hydroxides
- nitrates
- jodates
- borates
- chromates, molybdates, wolframates
- phosphates
- arsenates, vanadates
- silicates and alumosilicates: neso-, soro-, cyclo-, ino-, phyllo- and tectosilicates
- organic compounds
Crystal optics:
- light properties, light interference, light refraction, isotropy and anisotropy of the light properties of crystals
- construction and use of the polarisation microscope
- light refraction indices
- pleochroism
- light extinction angle
- interference colours, Michel-Levy plot
- refraction indice surfaces; indicatrix
- conoscopic images of the crystals in the oriented sections
- uniaxial vs biaxial crystals, optical sign of the crystals
- optic dispersion
- enantiomorphic crystals, change of the polarisation plane by crystals, Airy spirals

Note: To learn the above material, in addition to the listening of the lecture and to the work at classes, it is necessary to work ca. 2 hours per week.

Type of course

obligatory courses

Prerequisites (description)

He student should easily use the basic knowledge in geometry, in inorganic and organic chemistry at the good secondary school level, be able to write and understand the chemical formulae, have the essential information on physical properties of the solid substances, wave movement, physical states (solid, liquid and gaseous) and phase transformations, structural varieties of the crystals. The knowledge on geological environments and most important processes in various geospheres are expected to be known by the student.

Course coordinators

Rafał Siuda

Learning outcomes

After the lecture a student should:
know the basic crystallographical laws and their application, crystallogra-phic systems and their importance in consideration of the crystal properties;
have an appropriate knowledge on features, origin and occurrence of minerals in nature, types of their clusters and accumulations, application of the minerals as raw materials in industry and agriculture;
know the most important occurrences of minerals, especially those commercially used, and their geological and geographical distribution;
use the petrographic polarization microscope, understand the optic features of crystals and their importance for the identification of the rocks and determination of the properties and orientation of minerals in rocks.

Assessment criteria

Attendance at the lecture is not mandatory.
Lecture: oral exam after 2 semesters (passing in 2 parts after the 1st and 2nd semester is possible); the exam includes stereographic projection with complete description and the questions on crystallography, general and systematic mineralogy, identification of the microscopic image and questions on optics.

Practical placement

none

Additional information

Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system:

Description of 1300-OMNW-GEP in USOSweb