Nuclear Chemistry 1200-2CHJADW1M

Historical background of the discovery of radioactivity (cathode radiation, X-rays). The discovery of radioactivity: Becquerel, Skłodowska-Curie. Models of the structure of the atom (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr). The isotopy phenomenon. Discovery of the phenomenon of isotope, properties of isotopes; the rule of Soddy and Fajans shifts, radioactive series. Artificial radioactivity - the discovery of I. Curie and F. Jolliot. New radioactive elements. Atomic nucleus. Components of the atomic nucleus and nuclear forces; energy of change; elementary particles. Spontaneous nuclear transformations:α decay, beta decay, β decay, and spontaneous fission. Kinetics of radioactive decay. Radiation intensity measurements - radiometry. Gas, scintillation, and semiconductor detectors. γ spectrometry. Nuclear reactions. Basic characteristics of nuclear reactions. Particle acceleration methods - accelerators. Natural and artificial radioactive elements. Occurrence of natural radioactive elements in nature. Methods of synthesis of artificial radioactive elements. Characteristics of super heavy elements. Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter. Characteristic features of the interaction of α, β, γ radiation with matter. Interaction of neutrons with matter. Chemical effects of ionizing radiation - elements of radiation chemistry. Dosimetry. Impact of nuclear radiation on living organisms, problems of radiation protection. Application of isotopes: indicator methods in chemistry (analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry), biology, and medicine (nuclear medicine). The use of isotopes in technology: isotope effects (thermodynamic, kinetic, structural) and their application. Isotope separation. Physical methods (electromagnetic separation, diffusion methods, distillation, ultracentrifuges) and chemical methods (isotopic exchange, electrolytic and photochemical methods). Nuclear power: (i) controlled reactions - nuclear reactors, (ii) uncontrolled nuclear fission reactions and thermonuclear reactions, and (iii) prospects for the development of nuclear power.

Lecture = 30 hours
Individual preparatio for each lecture ( 0,5 h weekly) = 7,5 hours
Preparation for the exam = 20 hours
Together = approximately 60 hours