Nuclear Chemistry 1200-2CHJADW1M
Historical background of the discovery of radioactivity (cathode radiation, X-rays). The discovery of radioactivity: Becquerel, Skłodowska-Curie. Models of the structure of the atom (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr). The isotopy phenomenon. Discovery of the phenomenon of isotope, properties of isotopes; the rule of Soddy and Fajans shifts, radioactive series. Artificial radioactivity - the discovery of I. Curie and F. Jolliot. New radioactive elements. Atomic nucleus. Components of the atomic nucleus and nuclear forces; energy of change; elementary particles. Spontaneous nuclear transformations:α decay, beta decay, β decay, and spontaneous fission. Kinetics of radioactive decay. Radiation intensity measurements - radiometry. Gas, scintillation, and semiconductor detectors. γ spectrometry. Nuclear reactions. Basic characteristics of nuclear reactions. Particle acceleration methods - accelerators. Natural and artificial radioactive elements. Occurrence of natural radioactive elements in nature. Methods of synthesis of artificial radioactive elements. Characteristics of super heavy elements. Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter. Characteristic features of the interaction of α, β, γ radiation with matter. Interaction of neutrons with matter. Chemical effects of ionizing radiation - elements of radiation chemistry. Dosimetry. Impact of nuclear radiation on living organisms, problems of radiation protection. Application of isotopes: indicator methods in chemistry (analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry), biology, and medicine (nuclear medicine). The use of isotopes in technology: isotope effects (thermodynamic, kinetic, structural) and their application. Isotope separation. Physical methods (electromagnetic separation, diffusion methods, distillation, ultracentrifuges) and chemical methods (isotopic exchange, electrolytic and photochemical methods). Nuclear power: (i) controlled reactions - nuclear reactors, (ii) uncontrolled nuclear fission reactions and thermonuclear reactions, and (iii) prospects for the development of nuclear power.
Course coordinators
Type of course
Learning outcomes
After completing the lecture, the student:
- demonstrates proficient use of basic concepts in nuclear chemistry, radiation chemistry, dosimetry, and radiometry,
- is able to explain the fundamentals of atomic nucleus structure theory,
- is able to explain the basics of spontaneous nuclear transformations and nuclear reactions,
- knows how to apply nuclear decay kinetics formulas to quantitatively describe phenomena occurring in nature,
- is able to predict the products of nuclear processes depending on the type of transformation,
- knows which experimental methods can be used to measure the intensity of nuclear radiation,
- is able to determine radiation yield and nuclear radiation doses from experimental data,
- is able to apply the acquired laws in the analysis of selected chemical and physical problems,
- is able to describe the applications of radioactive isotopes in science and technology,
- is able to explain issues related to nuclear fission reactions and nuclear energy.
Symbols of education effects: K_W06, K_W14, K_U02, K_U03, K_U06, K_U15, K_U16, K_U27, K_K01, K_K02
Total student workload: 75 hours, including:
participation in classes: 30 hours,
preparation for classes and the exam: 35 hours,
consultations with the lecturer: 10 hours.
Assessment criteria
The final examination is carried out in written form. Writing time 90 minutes
Practical placement
Does not concern
Bibliography
1. J. Sobkowski, M. Jelińska-Kazimierczuk: Chemia Jądrowa wyd. ADAMANTAN 2006
2. A. Czerwiński: Energia jądrowa i promieniotwórczość wyd. Oficyna Wydawnicza Krzysztof Pazdro 1998