Toxicology 1200-1CHMTOKW6

History of toxicology. Toxicology as a scientific discipline and its development. Basic definitions of toxicology. Poison definition. Groups of poisons and the principles of their classification and labelling. Current legal regulations regarding chemical safety. The relation between poison concentration, duration of exposure to poison and the toxic effect. Characterization of basic factors affecting the toxicity of xenobiotics (dependent on the chemical compound, affected organism and environmental conditions). Toxicodynamics: receptor and non-receptor mechanisms of action on the examples of poisons and the group of substances of toxicological significance (pesticides, metals and metalloides, gases, poisons produced by organisms at al.). Interactions of poisons. Chemical mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity. Genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens. ADME: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of poisons. Biotransformation processes vs. xenobiotic toxicity. Toxicometrics. Basic principles and scope of regulatory toxicology. Quantitative assessment of exposure to potentially toxic substances. Toxicometric parameters. 3R rules, alternative methods in toxicology.