Soil Science 1400-215GLEB
Soil formation, development, structure, properties (physical, chemical, biological) and functioning. Role of soil in energy flow, circulation and retention of water and biogenic elements. Its importance in creating life conditions for plants and animals (exchange capacity, soil reaction, buffer capacity, redox processes, mineralization and humification of organic matter, functions of humus). Soil classification in Poland. Factors affecting the spatial variation of soil surface in different scales. Distribution of soils in the world. The types of land use. Factors and processes causing soil degradation. Soil conservation and methods of soil recultivation.
Wykład:
1. Soil-forming factors. Weathering and pedogenic processes. Types of weathered materials.
2. Major physical, chemical and biological properties of soils including particle and bulk density, pore space, soil texture, soil water supply, chemistry of soil solution, water retention, chemical composition of gaseous phase, respiratory activity, oxygen availability for plant roots, thermal properties of soil.
3. Nutrients in soil: sources of biogenic elements, their phytoavailability and role in plant growth. Sorption mechanisms and processes: types of adsorption, adsorption complex, properties and significance of soil colloids, soil exchange capacity, acidity and alkalinity, buffer properties, redox properties of soils.
4. Organic matter: composition and properties, mineralization and humification processes, characteristic of humic and nonhumic substances, types of humus, effect of humus on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Role of microorganisms in soil.
5. Characteristic of pedogenic and soil-forming processes. Classification of soils in Poland. Anthropogenic soils. Soil fertility and productivity. Land capability classification.
6. Soils of the world.
7. Factors affecting soil degradation and loss of soils including soil erosion, changes in water regimes, humus impoverishment, chemical balance disturbance, acidification, alkalization, salinization of soils. Chemical pollution of soils (agronomical, industrial and others). Techniques of soil recultivation and remediation.
Ćwiczenia:
I. Field survey of soils on the basis of morphological characteristic of soil profile. Effect of vegetation, parent material and water conditions on the properties of soils of different types.
II. Determination of the most important physical and chemical properties of soils by using standard soil-science methods (in the laboratory).
1. Mechanical composition.
2. Basic metal cations content and hydrolytic acidity. Estimation of soil exchange capacity.
3. Organic carbon content. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of humus.
4. Soil reaction (pH).
5. Determination of nitrogen and phosphorus content.
6. Salinity of forest and urban soils.
7. Heavy metals content in forest and urban soils.
III. Statistical and graphic elaboration of results. Analysis of relationships between spatial variability of vegetation and soil conditions.
Type of course
Mode
Prerequisites (description)
Bibliography
Bednarek R., Dziadowiec H., Pokojska U., Prusinkiewicz Z. 2004. Badania ekologiczno-gleboznawcze. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Bednarek R., Prusinkiewicz Z. 1999. Geografia gleb. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Dobrzański B., Zawadzki S. (Red.)1995. Gleboznawstwo. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Jaroszewski W. (Red.) 1978. Przewodnik do ćwiczeń z geologii dynamicznej. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Kabata-Pendias A., Pendias H. 1999. Biogeochemia pierwiastków śladowych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Kabata-Pendias A., Pendias H. 2001. Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC Press, Floryda.
Lazar J. 1976. Gleboznawstwo z podstawami geologii. PWN, Warszawa-Poznań.
Mannion A.M. 2001. Zmiany środowiska Ziemi. Historia środowiska przyrodniczego i kulturowego. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Prusinkiewicz Z. 1994. Leksykon ekologiczno-gleboznawczy. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Schoenholtz S.H., Van Miegroet H., Burger J.A. 2000. A review of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality: challenges and opportunities. For. Ecol. Manage. 138: 335-356.
Systematyka Gleb Polski. Wyd. IV. Roczn. Glebozn. 40, 3/4, 1989.
Uggla H., Uggla Z. 1979. Gleboznawstwo leśne. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Zawadzki S. 2002. Podstawy gleboznawstwa. PWRiL, Warszawa.
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